---
title:  Implementing Authorization
---

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## How Authorization Works

When a component requests an operation,
the `SecurityManager.authorize` method is invoked.
It is passed the principal of the operation's requester
and a `ResourcePermission`, which describes the operation requested.

The implementation of the `SecurityManager.authorize` method
makes a decision as to whether or not the principal will be granted permission
to carry out the operation.
It returns a boolean in which a return value of `true` permits
the operation,
and a return value of `false` prevents the operation.

A well-designed `authorize` method will have or will have a way of obtaining
a mapping of principals to the operations (in the form of resource permissions)
that they are permitted to do.

## Resource Permissions

All operations are described by an instance of the `ResourcePermission` class.
A permission contains the `Resource` data member,
which classifies whether the operation as working on

- cache data; value is `DATA`
- the cluster; value is `CLUSTER`

A permission also contains the `Operation` data member, 
which classifies whether the operation as

- reading; value is `READ`
- changing information; value is `WRITE`
- making administrative changes; value is `MANAGE`

The operations are not hierarchical;
`MANAGE` does not imply `WRITE`, and `WRITE` does not imply `READ`.

Some `DATA` operations further specify a region name in the permission.
This permits restricting operations on that region to only those
authorized principals.
And within a region, some operations may specify a key.
This permits restricting operations on that key within that region to 
only those authorized principals.

Some `CLUSTER` operations further specify a finer-grained
target for the operation.
Specify the target with a string value of:

- `DISK` to target operations that write to a disk store
- `GATEWAY` to target operations that manage gateway senders and receivers
- `QUERY` to target operations that manage both indexes and continuous
 queries
- `DEPLOY` to target operations that deploy code to servers
- `LUCENE` to target Lucene index operations

This table classifies the permissions assigned for operations common to
a Client-Server interaction.

| Client Operation                   | Assigned `ResourcePermission`
|------------------------------------|-------------------------------------|
| get function attribute             | CLUSTER:READ                        |
| create region                      | DATA:MANAGE                         |
| destroy region                     | DATA:MANAGE                         |
| Region.Keyset                      | DATA:READ:RegionName                |
| Region.query                       | DATA:READ:RegionName                |
| Region.getAll                      | DATA:READ:RegionName                |
| Region.getAll with a list of keys  | DATA:READ:RegionName:Key            |
| Region.getEntry                    | DATA:READ:RegionName                |
| Region.containsKeyOnServer(key)    | DATA:READ:RegionName:Key            |
| Region.get(key)                    | DATA:READ:RegionName:Key            |
| Region.registerInterest(key)       | DATA:READ:RegionName:Key            |
| Region.registerInterest(regex)     | DATA:READ:RegionName                |
| Region.unregisterInterest(key)     | DATA:READ:RegionName:Key            |
| Region.unregisterInterest(regex)   | DATA:READ:RegionName                |
| execute function                   | Defaults to DATA:WRITE. Override `Function.getRequiredPermissions` to change the permission. |
| clear region                       | DATA:WRITE:RegionName               |
| Region.putAll                      | DATA:WRITE:RegionName               |
| Region.clear                       | DATA:WRITE:RegionName               |
| Region.removeAll                   | DATA:WRITE:RegionName               |
| Region.destroy(key)                | DATA:WRITE:RegionName:Key           |
| Region.invalidate(key)             | DATA:WRITE:RegionName:Key           |
| Region.destroy(key)                | DATA:WRITE:RegionName:Key           |
| Region.put(key)                    | DATA:WRITE:RegionName:Key           |
| Region.replace                     | DATA:WRITE:RegionName:Key           |
| queryService.newCq                 | DATA:READ:RegionName                |
| CqQuery.stop                       | CLUSTER:MANAGE:QUERY                   |


This table classifies the permissions assigned for `gfsh` operations.

| `gfsh` Command                         | Assigned `ResourcePermission`
|----------------------------------------|----------------------------------|
| alter async-event-queue                | CLUSTER:MANAGE:DEPLOY            |
| alter disk-store                       | CLUSTER:MANAGE:DISK              |
| alter query-service                    | CLUSTER:MANAGE                   |
| alter region                           | DATA:MANAGE:RegionName           |
| alter runtime                          | CLUSTER:MANAGE                   |
| backup disk-store                      | DATA:READ and CLUSTER:WRITE:DISK |
| change loglevel                        | CLUSTER:WRITE                    |
| clear defined indexes                  | CLUSTER:MANAGE:QUERY             |
| close durable-client                   | CLUSTER:MANAGE:QUERY             |
| close durable-cq                       | CLUSTER:MANAGE:QUERY             |
| compact disk-store                     | CLUSTER:MANAGE:DISK              |
| configure pdx                          | CLUSTER:MANAGE                   |
| create async-event-queue               | CLUSTER:MANAGE:DEPLOY, plus CLUSTER:WRITE:DISK if the associated region is persistent |
| create defined indexes                 | CLUSTER:MANAGE:QUERY            |
| create disk-store                      | CLUSTER:MANAGE:DISK             |
| create gateway-receiver                | CLUSTER:MANAGE:GATEWAY          |
| create gateway-sender                  | CLUSTER:MANAGE:GATEWAY          |
| create index                           | CLUSTER:MANAGE:QUERY            |
| create jndi-binding                    | CLUSTER:MANAGE                  |
| create lucene index                    | CLUSTER:MANAGE:LUCENE            |
| create region                          | DATA:MANAGE, plus CLUSTER:WRITE:DISK if the associated region is persistent |
| define index                           | CLUSTER:MANAGE:QUERY             |
| deploy                                 | CLUSTER:MANAGE:DEPLOY            |
| describe client                        | CLUSTER:READ                     |
| describe config                        | CLUSTER:READ                     |
| describe disk-store                    | CLUSTER:READ                     |
| describe jndi-binding                  | CLUSTER:READ                     |
| describe lucene index                  | CLUSTER:READ:LUCENE              |
| describe member                        | CLUSTER:READ                     |
| describe offline-disk-store            | CLUSTER:READ                     |
| describe query-service                 | CLUSTER:READ                     |
| describe region                        | CLUSTER:READ                     |
| destroy async-event-queue              | CLUSTER:MANAGE                   |
| destroy disk-store                     | CLUSTER:MANAGE:DISK              |
| destroy function                       | CLUSTER:MANAGE:DEPLOY            |
| destroy index                          | CLUSTER:MANAGE:QUERY             |
| destroy jndi-binding                   | CLUSTER:MANAGE                   |
| destroy lucene index                   | CLUSTER:MANAGE:LUCENE            |
| destroy region                         | DATA:MANAGE                      |
| execute function                       | Defaults to DATA:WRITE. Override `Function.getRequiredPermissions` to change the permission.   |
| export cluster-configuration           | CLUSTER:READ                     |
| export config                          | CLUSTER:READ                     |
| export data                            | CLUSTER:READ                     |
| export logs                            | CLUSTER:READ                     |
| export offline-disk-store              | CLUSTER:READ                     |
| export stack-traces                    | CLUSTER:READ                     |
| gc                                     | CLUSTER:MANAGE                   |
| get &#8209;key=key1 &#8209;region=region1        | DATA:READ:RegionName:Key         |
| import data                            | DATA:WRITE:RegionName            |
| import cluster-configuration           | CLUSTER:MANAGE                   |
| list async-event-queues                | CLUSTER:READ                     |
| list clients                           | CLUSTER:READ                     |
| list deployed                          | CLUSTER:READ                     |
| list disk-stores                       | CLUSTER:READ                     |
| list durable-cqs                       | CLUSTER:READ                     |
| list functions                         | CLUSTER:READ                     |
| list gateways                          | CLUSTER:READ                     |
| list indexes                           | CLUSTER:READ:QUERY               |
| list jndi-binding                      | CLUSTER:READ                     |
| list lucene indexes                    | CLUSTER:READ:LUCENE              |
| list members                           | CLUSTER:READ                     |
| list regions                           | CLUSTER:READ                     |
| load-balance gateway-sender            | CLUSTER:MANAGE:GATEWAY           |
| locate entry                           | DATA:READ:RegionName:Key         |
| netstat                                | CLUSTER:READ                     |
| pause gateway-sender                   | CLUSTER:MANAGE:GATEWAY           |
| put --key=key1 --region=region1        | DATA:WRITE:RegionName:Key        |
| query                                  | DATA:READ:RegionName             |
| rebalance                              | DATA:MANAGE                      |
| remove                                 | DATA:WRITE:RegionName or DATA:WRITE:RegionName:Key |
| resume async-event-queue-dispatcher    | CLUSTER:MANAGE                   |
| resume gateway-sender                  | CLUSTER:MANAGE:GATEWAY           |
| revoke mising-disk-store               | CLUSTER:MANAGE:DISK              |
| search lucene                          | DATA:READ:RegionName             |
| show dead-locks                        | CLUSTER:READ                     |
| show log                               | CLUSTER:READ                     |
| show metrics                           | CLUSTER:READ                     |
| show missing-disk-stores               | CLUSTER:READ                     |
| show subscription-queue-size           | CLUSTER:READ                     |
| shutdown                               | CLUSTER:MANAGE                   |
| start gateway-receiver                 | CLUSTER:MANAGE:GATEWAY           |
| start gateway-sender                   | CLUSTER:MANAGE:GATEWAY           |
| start server                           | CLUSTER:MANAGE                   |
| status cluster-config-service          | CLUSTER:READ                     |
| status gateway-receiver                | CLUSTER:READ                     |
| status gateway-sender                  | CLUSTER:READ                     |
| status locator                         | CLUSTER:READ                     |
| status server                          | CLUSTER:READ                     |
| stop gateway-receiver                  | CLUSTER:MANAGE:GATEWAY           |
| stop gateway-receiver                  | CLUSTER:MANAGE:GATEWAY           |
| stop locator                           | CLUSTER:MANAGE                   |
| stop server                            | CLUSTER:MANAGE                   |
| undeploy                               | CLUSTER:MANAGE:DEPLOY            |

The `gfsh connect` does not have a permission,
as it is the operation that invokes authentication. 
These `gfsh` commands do not have permission defined,
as they do not interact with the cluster:

-  `gfsh describe connection`, which describes the `gfsh` end of the connection
-  `gfsh debug`, which toggles the mode within `gfsh`
-  `gfsh exit`
-  `gfsh help`
-  `gfsh hint`
-  `gfsh history`
-  `gfsh run`, although individual commands within the script
will go through authorization
-  `gfsh set variable`
-  `gfsh sh`
-  `gfsh sleep`
-  `validate offline-disk-store`
-  `gfsh version`

This table classifies the permissions assigned for JMX operations.

| JMX Operation                                | Assigned `ResourcePermission`
|----------------------------------------------|-----------------------------|
| DistributedSystemMXBean.shutdownAllMembers     | CLUSTER:MANAGE            |
| ManagerMXBean.start                            | CLUSTER:MANAGE            |
| ManagerMXBean.stop                             | CLUSTER:MANAGE            |
| ManagerMXBean.createManager                    | CLUSTER:MANAGE            |
| ManagerMXBean.shutDownMember                   | CLUSTER:MANAGE            |
| Mbeans get attributes                          | CLUSTER:READ              |
| MemberMXBean.showLog                           | CLUSTER:READ              |
| DistributedSystemMXBean.changerAlertLevel      | CLUSTER:WRITE             |
| ManagerMXBean.setPulseURL                      | CLUSTER:WRITE             |
| ManagerMXBean.setStatusMessage                 | CLUSTER:WRITE             |
| CacheServerMXBean.closeAllContinuousQuery      | CLUSTER:MANAGE:QUERY      |
| CacheServerMXBean.closeContinuousQuery         | CLUSTER:MANAGE:QUERY      |
| CacheServerMXBean.executeContinuousQuery       | DATA:READ                 |
| CqQuery.execute                    | DATA:READ:RegionName and CLUSTER:MANAGE:QUERY  |
| CqQuery.executeWithInitialResults  | DATA:READ:RegionName and CLUSTER:MANAGE:QUERY  |
| DiskStoreMXBean.flush                          | CLUSTER:MANAGE:DISK       |
| DiskStoreMXBean.forceCompaction                | CLUSTER:MANAGE:DISK       |
| DiskStoreMXBean.forceRoll                      | CLUSTER:MANAGE:DISK       |
| DiskStoreMXBean.setDiskUsageCriticalPercentage | CLUSTER:MANAGE:DISK       |
| DiskStoreMXBean.setDiskUsageWarningPercentage  | CLUSTER:MANAGE:DISK       |
| DistributedSystemMXBean.revokeMissingDiskStores| CLUSTER:MANAGE:DISK       |
| DistributedSystemMXBean.setQueryCollectionsDepth| CLUSTER:MANAGE:QUERY     |
| DistributedSystemMXBean.setQueryResultSetLimit | CLUSTER:MANAGE:QUERY      |
| DistributedSystemMXBean.backupAllMembers       | DATA:READ and CLUSTER:WRITE:DISK |
| DistributedSystemMXBean.queryData              | DATA:READ                 |
| DistributedSystemMXBean.queryDataForCompressedResult | DATA:READ           |
| GatewayReceiverMXBean.pause                    | CLUSTER:MANAGE:GATEWAY    |
| GatewayReceiverMXBean.rebalance                | CLUSTER:MANAGE:GATEWAY    |
| GatewayReceiverMXBean.resume                   | CLUSTER:MANAGE:GATEWAY    |
| GatewayReceiverMXBean.start                    | CLUSTER:MANAGE:GATEWAY    |
| GatewayReceiverMXBean.stop                     | CLUSTER:MANAGE:GATEWAY    |
| GatewaySenderMXBean.pause                      | CLUSTER:MANAGE:GATEWAY    |
| GatewaySenderMXBean.rebalance                  | CLUSTER:MANAGE:GATEWAY    |
| GatewaySenderMXBean.resume                     | CLUSTER:MANAGE:GATEWAY    |
| GatewaySenderMXBean.start                      | CLUSTER:MANAGE:GATEWAY    |
| GatewaySenderMXBean.stop                       | CLUSTER:MANAGE:GATEWAY    |
| LockServiceMXBean.becomeLockGrantor            | CLUSTER:MANAGE            |
| MemberMXBean.compactAllDiskStores              | CLUSTER:MANAGE:DISK       |

## Implement Authorization

Complete these items to implement authorization.

- Decide upon an authorization algorithm.
The [Authorization Example](authorization_example.html)
stores a mapping of which principals (users) are permitted to do
which operations.
The algorithm bases its decision
on a look up of the permissions granted to the principal attempting
the operation.
- Define the `security-manager` property.
See [Enable Security with Property Definitions](enable_security.html)
for details about this property.
- Implement the  `authorize` method of the `SecurityManager` interface.
- Define any extra resources that the implemented authorization algorithm
needs in order to make a decision.

### <a id="AuthorizeFcnExecution" class="no-quick-link"></a>Authorization of Function Execution

By default, a function executed on servers requires that the
entity invoking the function have `DATA:WRITE` permission on the
region(s) involved.
Since the default permission may not be appropriate for all functions,
the permissions required may be altered.

To implement a different set of permissions,
override the `Function.getRequiredPermissions()` method
in the function's class.
The method should return a `Collection` of the permissions
required of the entity that invokes an execution of the function.

### <a id="AuthorizeMethodsInQueries" class="no-quick-link"></a>Authorization of Methods Invoked from Queries

Enabling the `SecurityManager` affects queries by restricting the methods that a running query may invoke.
See [Method Invocations](../../developing/query_select/the_where_clause.html#the_where_clause__section_D2F8D17B52B04895B672E2FCD675A676) and [Method Invocation Authorizers](method_invocation_authorizers.html) for details.
